People's Republic of China

Communist China under Mao and his successors: land reform, the Great Leap Forward famine, the Cultural Revolution, Tiananmen and the party-state today.

• Repression Under Communism: Executions, Camps and Famines

  The documented human cost of communist rule — the Soviet Terror, China's famine, Cambodia's killing fields, North Korea's camps — with the evidence.

• Faith Under the Party: Religion in Communist China

  How the Chinese Communist Party has controlled and punished religion — from the Cultural Revolution to Xinjiang's camps and Xi Jinping's 'sinicization'.

• The Hundred Flowers Campaign: Mao's Invitation and Purge

  In 1957 Mao invited China's intellectuals to criticize the Party, then purged them: about 550,000 branded 'rightists'. He called it an 'overt scheme'.

• China's Hukou System: How the Party Tied Peasants to the Land

  Since 1958 China's household registration system has bound people to their birthplace, splitting citizens into urban and rural castes.

• The Great Chinese Famine, 1959–61: Mao's Great Leap Disaster

  How Mao's Great Leap Forward — communes, impossible grain targets, procurement and exports — caused the largest famine in history, killing 30–45 million.

• Mao Zedong Thought: The Ideology the Party Still Defends

  What Mao Zedong Thought taught, what it cost, and how the Communist Party kept it as doctrine while blaming its disasters on Mao's 'errors'.

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